Riggles Industrial Graphics
Serving the Aerospace and High Tech Industry since 1949
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Riggles Industrial Graphics
Serving the Aerospace and High Tech Industry since 1949
DESIGN CRITERIA FOR AN ARTIFICIAL HEART
By: William M. Riggles Jr.
Scope:
There are many factors to be considered in the design of an artificial
heart. The primary concern is the ratio of compatible heart donors to
recipients. The number of donors will never be enough. Thus, the most
logical approach to the problem is an artificial heart of synthetic
materials, but utilizing as many components as possible; i.e., muscles,
blood vessels, etc., from the patient's body. This approach greatly
reduced the rejection problem.
REPLACEMENT PARTS: The proposed artificial heart consists of a two-cavity squeeze pump of sorts, with butterfly type valves pivoted close to the center for softer operation and powered by a muscle from another part of the patient (if the existing heart muscle is salvageable, it can be utilized). The relocated muscle is wrapped and sutured around the artificial heart pump. A convenient blood supply is connected to furnish nutrimental requirements after which wire terminals to excite the muscles are attached (this, when excited by electrical impulsed, calcium ions are released into muscle fibers, producing the required muscle contractions).
ARTIFICIAL HEART STIMULATION: The next factor to be considered is the overall plan of powering the artificial heart without hosed and lines penetrating the body's skin surface. This is accomplished by placing a secondary coil winding under the skin connected to the excited terminals attached to the muscle. The primary coil is taped to the outside skin directly over the implanted secondary coil, thus no skin penetration is required.
PULSE MONITORING: The third problem is the involuntary increase and decrease of the pulse as more oxygen is required in the blood caused by exercise. This is controlled by means of a dissolve carbon dioxide analyzer in the right or inlet side of the pulse heart device (Similar to a dissolve oxygen monitor. Oxygen is not monitored because it is within the hemoglobin). This analyzer/monitor may also be located in the groin or armpit area, and be on the outside of the body. This carbon dioxide monitor/analyzer sends a signal to a computer which is externally worn and powered by a rechargeable energy cell. The electronic pulse surge generated by the monitor energizes the primary transformer coil on the outside of the body. The secondary coil is under the skin and is inductively powered, sending an exciting current to the muscle, thus operating the artificial heart which is now governed by the oxygen requirements demanded by the body (i.e., carbon dioxide level in the blood).
In the near future, a method must be developed to sense discharge carbon in the nasal passage to eliminate all through-skin penetration.
CONCLUSION/SUMMERY: The completed installation is an artificial heart constructed of synthetic components, powered by the patient's own relocated muscle. The unit is governed by analyzing the returning blood and is driven by an inductance transformer with the primary coil separated from the secondary by the outer skin. A portable battery control unit located outside of the body provides power . The batteries are changed by a parallel coupling preventing interruption of power.
The patient should not have any difficulty living a fairly normal life.
REPLACEMENT PARTS: The proposed artificial heart consists of a two-cavity squeeze pump of sorts, with butterfly type valves pivoted close to the center for softer operation and powered by a muscle from another part of the patient (if the existing heart muscle is salvageable, it can be utilized). The relocated muscle is wrapped and sutured around the artificial heart pump. A convenient blood supply is connected to furnish nutrimental requirements after which wire terminals to excite the muscles are attached (this, when excited by electrical impulsed, calcium ions are released into muscle fibers, producing the required muscle contractions).
ARTIFICIAL HEART STIMULATION: The next factor to be considered is the overall plan of powering the artificial heart without hosed and lines penetrating the body's skin surface. This is accomplished by placing a secondary coil winding under the skin connected to the excited terminals attached to the muscle. The primary coil is taped to the outside skin directly over the implanted secondary coil, thus no skin penetration is required.
PULSE MONITORING: The third problem is the involuntary increase and decrease of the pulse as more oxygen is required in the blood caused by exercise. This is controlled by means of a dissolve carbon dioxide analyzer in the right or inlet side of the pulse heart device (Similar to a dissolve oxygen monitor. Oxygen is not monitored because it is within the hemoglobin). This analyzer/monitor may also be located in the groin or armpit area, and be on the outside of the body. This carbon dioxide monitor/analyzer sends a signal to a computer which is externally worn and powered by a rechargeable energy cell. The electronic pulse surge generated by the monitor energizes the primary transformer coil on the outside of the body. The secondary coil is under the skin and is inductively powered, sending an exciting current to the muscle, thus operating the artificial heart which is now governed by the oxygen requirements demanded by the body (i.e., carbon dioxide level in the blood).
In the near future, a method must be developed to sense discharge carbon in the nasal passage to eliminate all through-skin penetration.
CONCLUSION/SUMMERY: The completed installation is an artificial heart constructed of synthetic components, powered by the patient's own relocated muscle. The unit is governed by analyzing the returning blood and is driven by an inductance transformer with the primary coil separated from the secondary by the outer skin. A portable battery control unit located outside of the body provides power . The batteries are changed by a parallel coupling preventing interruption of power.
The patient should not have any difficulty living a fairly normal life.